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#Body fluid compartments usmle video free#
There is free exchange of water and small solutes in the ECF between interstitial fluid and plasma across the blood capillaries.Įxchange between interstitial fluid and ICF is highly regulated and occurs across cell membranes. The concept of an internal environment in the body correlates with the interstitial fluid bathing cells.
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Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid inside cells.Įxtracellular fluid (ECF) is the fluid outside cells, which is subdivided into the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma. The body fluids are divided into two major functional compartments: The purpose of homeostasis is to provide an optimal fluid environment for cellular function. If MAP suddenly changes, the activity of effectors (e.g., cardiac contractility, vascular tone, and urinary fluid excretion) is altered to restore normal blood pressure. Pressure sensors are located in the carotid sinus and relay information to a comparator located in the central nervous system. The normal set point for MAP is approximately 95 mm Hg. The controlled variable is mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Using the control of blood pressure as an example: The comparator initiates a counter response.Įffectors are the mechanisms that restore the set point. Sensors that monitor the controlled variable.Ī comparator, which interprets input from the sensors to determine when deviations from the set point have occurred. Negative feedback responses counter deviations of a controlled variable from its normal range this is the major control process used to maintain homeostasis.Ī negative feedback control system has the following elements ( Figure 1-1):Ī set point value, which is at the center of the normal range and is treated by the control system as the target value. Minimal variation in a controlled variable is explained by the presence of negative feedback control mechanisms. The stability of the body's internal environment is defined by the maintenance of physiologic controlled variables within narrow normal ranges ( Table 1-2). Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment and requires integration of organ system functions ( Table 1-1). Medical physiology is about how the body systems function and how they are controlled.